Vorrei inserire questo post come risposta-riflessione collegata a ciò che è inserito nel blog di Rancan Consuelo ( http://consuelorancan.blogspot.com/ ), mettendo in evidenza come la pratica sportiva può essere una risposta positiva, se non proprio una “cura” allo stress ed alla depressione. Or at least to those negative emotional states and anxiety.
A part of sports psychology is addressed, for many years, the study of the relationship between sport and mental health, with particular interest in the relationship between some clinical psychological disorders and personality and the exercise of certain sports disciplines psychomotor . One
of mental disorders in relation to which have been mainly studied the contributions that sport can provide, is depression.
Among the most popular searches on combating depression through sport there are some who have studied the adoption of sports training programs designed to support the psychological treatment of this type of problem.
Depression, in fact, if this occurs over a long time, also involves changes in the neuro-endocrine hormone secretions that regulate mood and daily activities, some related to this are the most common symptoms include disorders of the same sonno.Allo way of drugs, but according to a natural stimulation of brain chemistry, they seem to do some physical activity carried out in accordance to specific programs and integrated psychological treatment. They show the results of both studies at the University of Durham, who made those at the University of Illinois and the Department of Public Health of California-Berkeley School.
In the first of the studies cited, studied 156 depressed patients over fifty who have voluntarily submitted to the different aid program that provided a comparison between the three treatment groups.
The first group received only the drug treatment.
The second group performed only one exercise program
Finally, the third group followed both requirements.
The results at the end of the first four months of the study showed a strong decrease or complete disappearance of depressive symptoms in all three groups, a result that was followed by the suspension of any drug treatment.
But what is surprising are the results of follow-up performed ten months after discontinuation of drugs. The group that performed only programs di esercizio fisico, infatti, ha mostrato il tasso più basso di ricadute, un fattore che sembra spiegabile grazie alla naturale riattivazione della chimica cerebrale, stimolata dall’attività fisica piuttosto che da sostanze artificiali che poi, una volta sospese, possono comportare fisiologiche e talvolta più gravi ricadute, a causa del cosiddetto "effetto rebound" legato alla sospensione dei farmaci.
I MECCANISMI DI AZIONE DELLO SPORT CONTRO LA DEPRESSIONE
Altre ricerche scientifiche riportate da S.Casca hanno fatto maggiore luce sui meccanismi attraverso i quali lo sport esercita un’azione positiva per la ripresa dalla depressione.
Durante la pratica moderata di sport di resistenza,il cervello subisce un eustress, or a positive stress (only during practice moderate!) in this way activates the production of a complex molecule, which then generates the production of two major types of neurotransmitters: acetylcholine, and endorphins. These are the molecules that produce the sensations of pain relief and a sense of well being, properties that have often led to call "happy hormones".
Increasing these hormones, accompanied by a decrease of cortisol, a stress hormone, are two important biochemical effects through which controlled the practice of some sports is a natural technique for the awakening of our brain's natural ability to secrete substances antidepressant and to help control the negative stress, by virtue of the close link-way between body and mind.
However, it should be noted that the exercise of sport helps to overcome depression by being able to properly take advantage of many antidepressant potential of sports, such as: •
the aforementioned ability to stimulate production of endorphins and, in particular, serotonin regulates mood, sleep and activities;
• the ability to lower blood levels of cortisol, a hormone that is present in the states of negative stress, the presence of which stimulates excessive physical exhaustion and depression endogenous and which, by la pratica moderata di uno sport rimane a bassi livelli anche di fronte a nuovi eventi stressanti;
• la possibilità di stimolare il positivo contatto con la natura e l’esposizione a benefici legati a tale rapporto (aria aperta, verde, luce, ecc…);
• l’opportunità di spostare il focus dell’attenzione quotidiana da pensieri negativi a pensieri centrati su schemi motori e su momenti creativi e positivi che possono appassionare;
• il recupero di sensazioni corporee positive, di un senso fisico di benessere e di una percezione estetico-fisica positiva di sé, che influiscono direttamente sull’autostima, dimensione dell’identità estremamente connessa allo development and overcome feelings of depression;
• offering new possibilities of relationship and group situations, which if properly managed, can become opportunities of social rehabilitation since the positive sporting groups can satisfy the need for belonging, becoming alternative places of belonging in cases where, for various reasons, the primary family group is absent or present problems;
• increasing opportunities for practice of activities and fun, which can generate pleasure and good humor.
When designing a rehabilitation intervention sports both individual and group counseling, the use of diagnostic and supervision is considered an important element in the management of educational courses and rehabilitation in gyms and sports centers.
ANXIETY
In the western world as many as four out of ten people suffer to a greater or lesser degree of anxiety? This change is an emotional balance in our complex, but also physiological potential positive energy that helps us in understanding ourselves and in control of the world.
Effects
The sport usually positively affects the symptoms of anxiety but, as individuals, can also broaden its impact. To get rid of anxiety, I'ideale would eliminate or modify the cause anxiety, but the most often this is not possible and then you work on hygiene and behavior: do not smoke, drink alcohol, follow the rhythm of sleep and waking, eating regularly and last but not least, exercise.
While the doctor will simply suggest movement because the sedentary harm to the muscles, movement and metabolism, the psychologist goes further. Endorses the appropriateness of physical activities, but also notes that these activities should not be perceived as a further commitment. So recommends a motion
acceptable and rewarding.
How can you explain this reaction? If you take, with aerobic activity, those who suffer from anxiety una forma ottimale, per cui frequenza cardiaca e respiratoria durante la fatica non salgono troppo, non solo si migliora la prestazione, ma si combáttono anche tutti gli sgradevoli effetti legati all'ansia.
L'abitudine alla fatica fisica fa sì che eventuali tachicardie, per esempio, vengano attribuite all'attività motoria e quindi acquisite come fisiologiche reazioni dell'organismo alla fatica. Così l'ansioso continua a fare sport senza preoccupazioni.
Link consultati:
http://www.arcanuoto.it/indexmenu.html
http://www.psymedisport.com/Articoli/LO%20SPORT%20CONTRO%20%20LA%20DEPRESSIONE.htm
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